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4. Assembly, Architecture, and Growth

The mechanisms of assembly of non-cellulosic, cross-linking glycans and the formation of a precisely arranged pectin matrix around this composite are not well understood. The expansins and yieldins represent two types of proteins that function in wall loosening, as deduced from demonstration of wall extension in vitro. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (XETs) also function in remodeling or restructuring of the wall during growth and after wall extension has ceased. They are members of a large family of genes that encode both strict and facultative transglycosylases and glucan hydrolases, collectively known as the XTH family. The role of each of the individual members is a major challenge.

Botero1

References:

Bichet, A., T. Desnos, S. Turner, O. Grandjean, H. Höfte. 2001. BOTERO1 is required for normal orientation of cortical microtubules and anisotropic cell expansion in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 25, 137-148.

 

fra1

References:

Zhong R., D. H. Burk, W. H. Morrison 3rd, Z. H. Ye. 2002. A kinesin-like protein is essential for oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils and cell wall strength. Plant Cell 14, 3101-3117.

 

fra2

References:

Burk, D. H., B. Liu, R. Zhong, W. H. Morrison, Z. H. Ye. 2001. A katanin-like protein regulates normal cell wall biosynthesis and cell elongation. Plant Cell 13, 807-828.

Burk, D. H., Z. H. Ye. 2002. Alteration of Oriented Deposition of Cellulose Microfibrils by Mutation of a Katanin-Like Microtubule-Severing Protein. Plant Cell 14, 2145-2160.

 

rsw4 and rsw7

References:

Wiedemeier, A. M., J. E. Judy-March, C. H. Hocart, G. O. Wasteneys, R. E. Williamson, T. I. Baskin. 2002. Mutant alleles of Arabidopsis radially swollen 4 and 7 reduce growth anisotropy without altering the transverse orientation of cortical microtubules or cellulose microfibrils. Devel. 129, 4821-4830.

 

  4.1 Growth modifying proteins
      4.1.1 Expansins
      4.1.2 Yieldins
  4.2 Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases
  4.3 Hydrolases
      4.3.1 Exo-acting glucanases
          4.3.1.1 ß-Galactosidase
      4.3.2 Endo-acting glucanases
  4.4 Lyases
      4.4.1 Pectate and pectin Lyases
      4.4.2 Rhamnogalacturonan I lyases
  4.5 Esterases
      4.5.1 Pectin methyl esterases
      4.5.2 Pectin acetylestereases
      4.5.3 Feruloyl esterases
  4.6 Structural proteins
      4.6.1 Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs)
      4.6.2 Proline-rich proteins (PRPs)
      4.6.3 Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs)
      4.6.4 Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs)

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